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Ardisia crenata

Sims (1817)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Ericales Family: Primulaceae Genus: Ardisia

bacteria bush, hen's eyes, hen's-eyes, Hilo holly

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Small erect shrubs up to 1.5 m tall.

Stems: Unbranched except for flowering branches, glabrous throughout, flowering branches lateral or axillary, up to 10(–16) cm long, with few leaves.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades elliptic–lanceolate or oblanceolate, 6–20 cm long, 1–4 cm wide. Apex acute to acuminate. Base cuneate. Surfaces with punctate glands or secretory canals; blades coriaceous or chartaceous. Margins revolute, crisped, and also usually undulate. 12–18 pairs of lateral veins, the veins slightly raised on lower surface, merging into a usually distinct marginal nerve, this often hidden beneath the revolute margins. Petioles 6–10 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences simple and umbellate or cymose, principal rays 2–4 cm long. Flowers small, usually bisexual (perfect); pedicels 0.5–1 cm long, elongating in fruit. Calyx (4)5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so; lobes oblong–ovate to lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, sparsely glandular punctate, the lobes dextrorsely imbricate in bud. Corolla (4)5(6)-lobed, usually deeply so, lobes white or pinkish, ovate, glandular punctate, the lobes dextrorsely and narrowly imbricate. Stamens distinct or adnate to corolla near base, opposite the petals; anthers dithecal, introrse. Ovary superior; ovules 3–12 ananged in several rows; style slender, elongate; stigma slender, elongate, apiculate.

Fruit: Drupes dark red; globose; 5–8 mm in diameter; glandular punctate; endocarp crustaceous. Seeds 1 per fruit; subglobose.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Disturbed mesic valleys and forest.

Elevation Range:

Historical Distribution

Images

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Ardisia crenata subsp. crenata

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Vegetative Reproduction

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Mag. 45: t. 1950 (1817)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:932 (O, H); Oppenheimer 2004:13 (WM); Staples & Herbst 2005:415 (DESCR); Frohlich & Lau 2012:41 (K); Oppenheimer & Bustamente 2014a:20 (EM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Ardisia crenata Lawai, off Piko Road Preserved_Specimen 1 meter tall columnar shrub. No flowers seen; fruits abundant, red. OED 2010022401 Kauai BISH 2010-02-24
2 Ardisia crenata Kilauea Volcano, Park Hdqts Area Preserved_Specimen 4m tree Hanson, N. Hawaii BISH 1956-08-01
3 Ardisia crenata Kilauea Volcano, Park Hdqts Area Preserved_Specimen 4m tree Hanson, N. Hawaii BISH 1956-08-01
4 Ardisia crenata Palolo, 2357B Palolo Ave Preserved_Specimen flowers white, fruit red Suenaga, B. Oahu BISH 1985-07-01
5 Ardisia crenata Waimea Arboretum; Haleiwa Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 6' tall; trunk 9 at base; flws white to pale pink, downward facing, usually in 3 groups of 6-15 terminal on leafy stem. Waimea Arboretum Staff Oahu BISH
6 Ardisia crenata Waiahole, Water Reserve Preserved_Specimen fruit with red berries Saito, F. Oahu BISH 1962-04-18
7 Ardisia crenata Lyon Arboretum, behind Cottage H Preserved_Specimen Small evergreen shrub. Flowers pink-white, berries red. Leaves with undulate-crenate edges. Ishikawa, S. 117 Oahu BISH 1972-06-29
8 Ardisia crenata Waikane Valley undergrowth of Albizia-Alphitonia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrublet up to 2 m. Leaves dark green above, lighter below. Flowers white. Fruit lacquer red van Royen, P. 10131 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
9 Ardisia crenata Honolulu, Kalihi, Bishop Estate Nursery Preserved_Specimen Judd Jr., A.F. Oahu BISH 1930-11-12
10 Ardisia crenata Kapalama Hts., Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
11 Ardisia crenata Manoa Cliff Trail Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. Oahu BISH 1960-06-04
12 Ardisia crenata Kapalama Hts., Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
13 Ardisia crenata Kapalama Hts., Kamehameha Girls' School Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Oahu BISH 1932-06-06
14 Ardisia crenata Waiahole Valley, Waianu Stream along Ditch Trail Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5502 Oahu BISH 1984-12-02
15 Ardisia crenata W Maui, Wailuku District, Iao Valley In alien vegetation near roadside. Preserved_Specimen Plants to 1m tall with bright red berries. Oppenheimer, H.L. 30220 Maui BISH 2002-03-30
16 Ardisia crenata above Waikane Camp on the Stream steep slope on slippery wet clay, in secondary forest of Albizia, Metrosideros collina, Aleurites, Cibotium, Cyrtandra, Straussia, Scaevola gaudichaudiana, Ardisia crispa and Solanum auriculatum, and impenetrable thickets of Gleichenia; Preserved_Specimen Fruit bright red, flowers white, 6 dm shrub. Iltis, H.H. 329 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
17 Ardisia crenata Waiahole ditch trail; back of Kahana Valley gulch Preserved_Specimen bright red fruit Herat, T. 268 Oahu BISH 1972-08-26
18 Ardisia crenata Hana District. Nahiku, Walter Patelo property, road from highway to coast just East of George Harrison property. Non-native vegetation. With Hibiscus tillaceus, Mangifera indica, Cordyline fruticosa, Ardisia elliptica, Spathodea campanulata, Aleuites moluccana, Psidium guajava, Miconia calvescens Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter ht. with red fruit Perlman, S. 23300 Maui BISH 2013-02-27
19 Ardisia crenata Honolulu, Manoa Cliff Trail Wet mixed native and alien forest. Preserved_Specimen Shrubs ca. 1 m ht, leaves revolute, undulate, drupes drk red globose. Kennedy, B. 37 Oahu BISH 1996-01-13
20 Ardisia crenata Kalauao Valley ridgeline opposite from Aiea Ridge trail Wet shrubby ridgeline with Dicranopteris, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Machaerina angustifolia, Syzygium sandwicense, Hedyotis terminalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 ft. tall, in full flower and fruit. Only plant noted in the vicinity; plant was pulled up and bagged. Imada, C. 20044 Oahu BISH 2004-01-06
21 Ardisia crenata Honolulu, Manoa Valley, Puu Pia Trail Growing with Dicranopteris linearis, Psidium cattleyanum, Lophostemon confertus, Acacia koa with an understory of Miconia crenata. Preserved_Specimen Small woody shrubs, red fruits. Kennedy, B. 139 Oahu BISH 2021-03-28
22 Ardisia crenata Honolulu, Bishop Museum, Dormitory D partial shade Preserved_Specimen Shrub consisting of several major erect branches, the tallest of which is 1.5 m. Lau, J. 1646 Oahu BISH 1985-11-18
23 Ardisia crenata Honolulu District. Aiea trail, near summit, between Kaivipoo hill and large power relay Metrosidero-Dicranopteris linearis lowland wet forest. With Syzgium sandwicense, Machaerina angustifolia, Ilex anomala, Melicope oahuensis, Zanthoxylum oahuense, Polyscias oahuensis, Freycinetia arborea, Broussaisia arguta, Cheirodendron platyphylla, Sca Preserved_Specimen Weed with flowers and fruit, 1 meter ht with red fruit, flower white Perlman, S. 23647 Oahu BISH 2013-08-20
24 Ardisia crenata Waimea Arboretum & Botanical Garden dappled shade Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub with several erect stems orginating at the base. Flowers white Lau, J. 2850 Oahu BISH 1986-09-23
25 Ardisia crenata Kalauao Valley ridgeline opposite from Aiea Ridge trail Wet shrubby ridgeline with Dicranopteris, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Machaerina angustifolia, Syzygium sandwicense, Hedyotis terminalis, Paspalum conjugatum, Clidemia. Preserved_Specimen Bush 2 ft. tall, in full flower and fruit. Only plant noted in the vicinity; plant was pulled up and bagged. Imada, C. 20044 Oahu BISH 2004-01-06
26 Ardisia crenata Manoa Cliff Trail Along trail in sunny opening of the canopy. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub. Berries scarlet red, numerous. Walvoord, N. 2018003 Oahu BISH 2018-06-22
27 Ardisia crenata east Maui, Hana District, Keaakai Gulch. naturalized along stream on rocks beneath A. elliptica in degraded Pandanus-Acacia-Metrosideros Forest. Preserved_Specimen Small shrubs. Fruit bright red. Oppenheimer, H.L. 21313 Maui BISH 2013-02-27
28 Ardisia crenata Hoomaluhia Botanic Garden full sun Preserved_Specimen 30 cm compact basal-branching shrub. Fruit crimson Lau, J. 3029 Oahu BISH 1987-01-06
29 Ardisia crenata National Park Residence Preserved_Specimen 2-3' shrub; fruit bright red Fagerlund, G.O. 286 Hawaii BISH 1943-01-27
30 Ardisia crenata Manoa Falls Preserved_Specimen Corolla white with brown specks on inside; stamens yellow with red specks; ~2' bush Crosby, M.R. 1385 Oahu BISH 1964-06-15
31 Ardisia crenata Koloa District: Upper Omao, Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve from Akemana Road. Lowland Windward Disturbed Mesic forest. W/Eugenia uniflora, Elephantopus mollis, Araucaria heterophylla, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Eucalyptus robusta, Psidium guajava, Grevillea robusta, grasses. Just below old cattle fence Preserved_Specimen About 5 plants in area. Small shrubs 2-4 ft. Fruit bright red. Flower bud white. Upper pedicel red, lower green. Petiole purple. Leaves leathery, dark shiny green above and light green to med-green below. Leaf with margin revolute and wavy. Tangalin, N. 3779 Kauai BISH 2015-05-07
32 Ardisia crenata Waikane Valley undergrowth of Albizia-Alphitonia forest Preserved_Specimen Shrublet up to 2 m. Leaves dark green above, lighter below. Flowers white. Fruit lacquer red van Royen, P. 10131 Oahu BISH 1967-07-17
33 Ardisia crenata Manoa, HSPA Arboretum Preserved_Specimen 1 m shrub; seedlings growing densely below parent plant but not spreading Egler, F.E. 37413 Oahu BISH 1937-08-25
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